The Pinyin is the official system to transcribe Chinese characters into Roman script, which includes 3
parts /
Le
Pinyin est un système de transcription phonétique en écriture latine du
mandarin qui contient 3 parties :
- Initials
/ Initiales
- Finals
/Finales
- 4 tones / 4 tons
1.1 声母shēng mǔ Initials / Initiales:
b p m f
|
d t n l
|
g k h
|
j q x
|
z c s
|
zh ch sh r
|
1.2 韵母yùn mǔ Finals / Finales:
-i
= yi -u =
wu -ü (-u) = yu
|
a -ia
= ya -ua = wa
|
o -uo
= wo
|
e -ie = ye -ue = yue
|
er
|
ai -uai = wai
|
ei -ui = wei
|
ao -iao
= yao
|
ou -iu
= you
|
an -ian = yan -uan=
wan -uan(-üan)
= yuan
|
en -in = yin -un = wen -un
(-ün)
= yun
|
ang -iang
=yang -uang = wang
|
eng -ing = ying weng
|
ong -iong
= yong
|
1.3 四声sì shēng 4 Tones / 4 Tons:
(English) Mandarin is a monosyllabic language. Each tone gives a meaning to each character; which means a
monosyllable means differently from one to another. For example:
mā: dì yī shēng (1st tone) might mean “mom” with the character 妈;
má: dì èr shēng (2nd tone) might mean “ hemp ; flax” with the
character麻;
mǎ: dì sān shēng (3rd tone) might mean “horse” with the character 马;
mà: dì sì shēng (4th tone) might mean “scold” with the character骂;
ma: the neutral tone might bring up a yes-no question with the character 吗.
(Français) Le Mandarin est une
langue monosyllabique, les tons interviennent pour augmenter les sens possibles
à un même son. Comme par exemple :
mā: dì yī shēng (1er
ton) peut signifier “maman” avec le sinogramme妈;
má: dì èr shēng (2ième
ton) peut
signifier “ chanvre ; lin ; jute” avec le
sinogramme麻;
mǎ: dì sān shēng
(3ième ton) peut signifier “cheval” avec
le sinogramme 马;
mà: dì sì shēng (4ième
ton) peut signifier “injurier ;insulter” avec
le sinogramme 骂;
ma: le ton neutre peut signifier
“interrogatif pour « est-ce que…?” avec le sinogramme 吗.Tonal exercise/ L'exercice sur les tones :
bā bá bǎ bà ba
bū bú bǔ bù bu
kē ké kě kè ke
hē hé hĕ hè he
jiā jiá jiă jià jia
qī qí qǐ qì qi
xiē xié xiě xiè xie
mēi méi měi mèi mei
nēi néi nĕi nèi nei
guān guán guǎn guàn guan
guāng guáng guăng guàng guang
xī xí xǐ xì xi
duī duí duǐ duì dui
diū diú diŭ diù diu
mīng míng mǐng mìng ming
tiān tián tiǎn tiàn tian
yī yí yǐ yì yi
huī huí huǐ huì hui
xiū xiú xiǔ xiù xiu
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